Page 41 - 103年消防月刊11月號

Forum 工作研討

長隧道火災搶救之特性與分析

- 以龜山林口高鐵隧道為例

Analysis and Characteristics of Fire Rescue Operations in
Tunnels - GuishanLinkou HSR Tunnel
圖 / 文 桃園縣政府消防局 蔡擎平

在長隧道的各類災害統計當中，火災的發生是最容易直接對內部的人
員生命財產造成威脅，尤其在災害發生時，長隧道內通常會有許多的受
困人員，此時所產生的恐懼和不穩的情緒，會使逃生的狀況更加艱困，
因而在許多長隧道災害往往會造成許多的傷亡，例如：1996 11 月 18

日在英法海峽隧道（Channel Tunnel）之南側主隧道發生的列車火
警造成了 8 人的受傷、1999 年發生在法國和義大利之間的白朗峰隧道
（Mont Blanc Tunnel）車禍火災造成 39 人死亡、2000 年 11 月 11

日在奧地利長 3.4 公里的隧道火災造成了 155 人死亡、1995 年 10 月
28 日巴庫（Baku）的地鐵隧道火災所造成的 289 人死亡及 265 人受
傷等長隧道重大傷亡事故。會造成如此嚴重的傷亡是由於長隧道具有特
殊的空間導致人員避難困難、火勢與濃煙發展迅速、人員緊急避難的狀

況難以掌握及消防人員不易進入搶救等特性， 增加救災的危險性。因此，
無論是人員的避難逃生或消防單位與其他救災單位的搶救作為均需依賴
內部設施及平時建立的應變機制來達成救援目的。

According to statistics, fires that occur in long tunnels pose a high threat to the
lives of people in the tunnel, as well as to their property, particularly when confusion
and panic overcome those trapped inside. This makes evacuation more difficult,
leading to many casualties when a fire breaks out in a long tunnel. On Nov. 18,
1996, a fire broke out on a train traveling through the Channel Tunnel between

the UK and France, resulting in eight casualties. In 1999, a fire in the in the Mont
Blanc Tunnel along the border of France and Italy left 39 dead. On Nov. 11, 2000,
the Kaprun disaster, an inferno in a 3.4-kilometer tunnel in Austria, claimed 155
lives. On Oct. 28, 1995, a fire on the subway in Baku resulted in 290 deaths and
265 injured. These high casualty rates are due to the fact that a long tunnel´s tight
spaces hinder access, increasing the difficulty for a successful evacuation. The tight
quarters also cause fire and smoke to spread faster, making it hard to predict the
escape routes those trapped inside will take. For an evacuation and rescue operation
to be successful, emergency services are reliant on tunnel emergency systems and

must draw from prior experience when implementing response programs.

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