Page 31 - 103年消防月刊 9月號 (全)
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Forum 工作研討





               the Pacific seismic belt. Frequent amounts of heavy rainfall have caused flooding

               in recent years, such as in northern Taiwan in 2012. If we observe history, we
               can see that Taiwan has suffered frequent typhoons and flood disasters in the
               past. The effects of these floods could be felt for just a few hours, or even several
               months. Therefore, the placement and implementation of adequate shelters
               requires an important amount of planning. This study assesses the construction
               and evaluation criteria for flood evacuation shelters through literature reviews
               and expert interviews. Furthermore, the relative weight and importance of

               each assessment factor were drawn from expert questionnaires and the analytic
               hierarchy process (AHP).  These were then used as reference criteria for
               assessing the conditions of flood evacuation shelters.

                  Through AHP, this study uses four items to assess the conditions of flood
               evacuation shelters: structural safety, transportation avenues, essential functions,
               and services for victims. Three more assessment criteria are categorized under
               each item, which are examined respectively. The top five items in the analysis
               results are: elevation, potential areas with no flood risk, anti-flood facilities,

               security and evacuation routes, and seismic intensity. This study provides
               feedback and recommendations for the top five items as reference for evaluating
               flood evacuation shelters.






                    臺灣位處西太平洋颱風區及環太平洋地                          死亡人數至少366人,受影響災民更高達
               震帶上,平均每年遭受3-4個颱風侵襲,                             200萬人以上。
               亦曾發生數起成災之地震。近年來,臺灣都                                  臺灣在歷史上也曾多次發生大規模的
               市化範圍不斷增加,亦使災害類型複雜及多                             水災,如民國48年的「八七水災」、49年

               樣化。同時亦因全球氣候異常,各種地震、                             的「八一水災」,近年來的賀伯、溫妮、桃
               颱風、洪水等災害不斷,大規模災害頻傳,                             芝、納莉颱風等,屢次大水更造成人民生命
               例如,2009年8月8日侵襲臺灣的莫拉克颱                           財產的重大損失。颱風或急降雨等災害來臨

               風,在臺灣南部降下驚人雨量,造成洪水、                             時極易造成淹水、交通堵塞等問題,影響民
               淹水及土砂等複合型災害,根據莫拉克颱風                             生問題嚴重。避難收容所在災害來臨時會湧
               中央災害應變中心統計,全臺死亡及失蹤人                             入大量災民,因此避難收容所的選擇應審慎
               數高達699人(681人死亡及65人失蹤)。                          評估。而所謂適宜的「避難收容所」條件為
               2010年8月巴基斯坦水災,估計受災人數大                           何,本研究將針對水災時避難收容所的條件

               約2,000萬人,約1,600人喪生在洪水中。                         作評估準則,利用層級分析法(Analytic
               2011年7月在泰國南部地區因持續暴雨而引                           Hierarchy Process, AHP)選取並討論選
               發洪災,直至10月底,水災災情惡化,洪水                            擇收容所之評估要件,為日後選評避難收容

               湧入曼谷北部,對泰國造成嚴重經濟損失,                             所時做為參考指標。





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