Page 21 - 103年消防月刊 9月號 (全)

Forum 工作研討

核子事故周邊居民

之 防護對策探討

A Discussion on Protective Measures for Residents Living Near

Nuclear Accident Sites

圖 / 文 內政部消防署 張哲維

自 1956 年第 1 座核能發電廠於英國建立後，至今發生幾件重大的核
子事故，其中較為著名的事件包含 1986 年 4 月 26 日蘇聯發生震驚國

際的車諾比爾核電廠災變、1979 年 3 月 28 日美國賓夕凡尼亞州哈里斯
堡的三哩島核能電廠 2 號機跳機造成反應器爐心熔毀事件以及最近 2011

年 3 月 11 日的日本福島核災等。雖然核能發電廠有嚴格的監控系統以及
層層的防護措施，但若因天災人禍等各種因素造成核子事故的發生與如

何藉由周邊居民的疏散規劃，防護措施的規範，將民眾傷害減至最低，
便顯得格外重要。防護措施中的遮蔽與避難，為重大的核子事故中必須

實施的策略，本文藉由文獻以及資料收集探討核電廠周邊居民疏散規劃
以及收容站之規範。

Since the first nuclear power plant was established in the United Kingdom in 1956,
there have been several major nuclear accidents. The most famous events include
the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster in the Soviet Union on April 26, 1986,

the reactor core meltdown caused by a malfunction of the Three Mile Island Unit 2
nuclear power plant in Harrisburg, U.S.A on March 28, 1979, and Japan's Fukushima
nuclear disaster on March 11, 2011. Although nuclear power plants have a strict
monitoring system backed up by layers of protective measures, how do we plan for
the evacuation of nearby residents if a nuclear accident was to be caused by factors,
such as natural or manmade disasters? The specification of protective measures to
minimize damage is particularly important. Shelters and refuge are part of major
strategies that must be implemented in a nuclear accident. This paper uses documents
and data collection to explore the regulations regarding the shelter and evacuation

plan of residents living near nuclear power plants.

21