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ɚeၡܢ၍ଣਖ਼ุٙ೯࢝ၾᒈැj 2011f

ၡܢ၍ଣϓމϞӻ୕ٙჯਹʑߒ50ϋf ཀ̘Ө࢔၍ଣ٫ٙٝᗆਿᓾɓٜேԸІ
வࡈჯਹٙਖ਼ุ٫੽຅ϋ˸ࣨɿҸᏘމኬΣ ׵຾᜕dତί͍ᔷᜊމ˸઺ԃމਿᓾfอ˰

ٙ͏ԣ၍ଣɛࡰᔷ୅Ցତί˸Ө࢔ΪᏐމኬ ˾ٙӨ࢔၍ଣ٫ٙतЍdேաཀɽኪ઺ԃd
ΣٙӨ࢔၍ଣɛࡰdՇ٫ٙਖ਼ุʊϞܘɽٙ ஢εɛᒔՈϞӨ࢔၍ଣኪЗeਖ਼ุٝᗆeϞ
ࢨମfဧܝdၾՉ޴ᗫʘ޼Ӻʿীሞɰνڠ ߅ኪၾ޼Ӻ˙ࠦٙٝᗆਿᓾeՈ௪˲ᆞ઄
ܝ݆ഉছٙओତfFEMAආɓӉਗ਼Ө࢔၍ଣ ߅ҦeϋߏһჀeһεʩʷe࿁˖ʷһઽ
ൖމ݊ɓ၇Ո௪ӻ୕׌ٝᗆeՈ௪ٝᗆစආ ชdϾ˲Ө࢔၍ଣ຾੬݊˼ࡁٙ࠯፯ᔖุd

ၾෂᅧ᜗ӻeภৣ޴ᗫჯਹɽኪ઺ԃeኹϞ Blanchard 2001f
ਿ͉ႩᗇeБމאࡐଣᅺ๟eՈ௪ਖ਼ุଡ଼ᔌ อ˰˾Ө࢔၍ଣ஼Ӊܔ࿴˸ࠬᎈމ
ၾʮ΍Ⴉٝٙਖ਼ุჯਹf ਿ ᓾ ٙ Ө ࢔ ၍ ଣ e ੶ ሜ ٟ ਜ Ө ࢔ ද ׌ e

್ϾdԱృ͏ԣၾऊԣٙਖ਼ุߠ౻dӨ ੶ ሜ ࠥ Э ٟ ึ ঌ ࢮ ׌ e Ϟ ӻ ୕ ٙ ౛ ౥ Ө
࢔၍ଣਖ਼ุ৅ᇖ˄ཀءࠠၡܢᏐᜊၾહӨٙ ࢔၍ଣਿ͉ࡡۆeၾᒍਜʫٙл࢔ᗫڷɛ
Ҧஔ৅ᇖdኬߧӨ࢔Ꮠᜊϓ͉ʔᓙɪʺf stakeholderɓৎආБഄଫ׌஝ྌe୞Ԓ
̙݊dӨฦʥܵᚃᄣ̋d͊ԈಯᇠfΎආɓ ኪ୦eܵᚃቡᛘeਞၾਖ਼ุଡ଼ᔌeၾ΢ʈЪ
Ӊʱؓவ఻ϋٙӨ࢔ฦ̰̙˸೯ତdٟึӔ ྫМڭܵᑌᖩ˸တԑʈЪɪεჯਹၾ༨ჯਹ

ഄٙ਋ࢨၾ፹Ⴌʑ݊˴ΪdԷνjʔᓙක೯ ٙცӋfӨ࢔၍ଣٙ઺ԃ৅ᇖࠅ՘пอࣛ
৷Ө࢔ᆑැਜਹdۍ͊ঐίක೯ۃఱҁ዆ᐝ ˾Ө࢔၍ଣɛࡰΝࣛΪᏐତί˸ʿ͊Ըٙਪ
༆ή˙ٙӨ࢔ᆑැfಯӨචݬٙሙᕚۍवί ᕚf

Ꮠᜊචݬʑஈଣfה˸dவɰխᏐəڐϋԸ อٙӨ࢔၍ଣਖ਼ุһცࠅ˸ٝᗆމਿ
Ө࢔၍ଣٙᒈැd੽˸ֻٙၡܢᏐᜊᔷֻಯ ᓾdഹࠠྼਕ዁Ъٙݖ࿴Ը༶Ъdʔঐසස
ӨdҎૐ੃ቮၾፄɝಯӨeԣӨᝈׂٙኪ୦ Ա፠ଣሞ׌ٙݖ࿴f͵уd޴࿁׵Չ˼ਖ਼
˖ʷf ุdอࣛ˾ٙӨ࢔၍ଣਖ਼ุٙྼਕ༶ЪһҖ
Sylves2005ܸ̈ၡܢ၍ଣึᎇഹʔ ࠠࠅdޟЇίਖ਼ุҖϓཀ೻ʕˏჯኪஔଣሞ

Νਖ਼ุϞהᜊਗdԷνdί911ԫ΁ܝdˀ ٙ೯࢝dΎආϾ຾͟ኪஔჯਹٙ޼ӺΫ㉿Ց
ࢵਖ਼ุɰ஗ॶɝၡܢ၍ଣDrabek, 2007i ྼਕჯਹdҖϓʔΝ׵ෂ୕ٝᗆܔ࿴ٙ೯࢝
McEntire, 2008fFreitag 2007Ⴉމ ృᐑf

ၡܢ၍ଣձͦۃڢ੬ࠠࠅٙंࡉᜊቋᙄᕚɰ Darlington2000ค዆ၾၡܢ၍ଣ
ϞᗫᑌfLabadie 2011һ੶ሜၡܢ၍ ޴ᗫʘሙ೻৅ᇖe઺ԃሙ೻dߧɢᜫՉϓމ
ଣၾᐑྤ၍ଣeंࡉᜊቋeಯӨʿሜቇගʝ Ⴉᗇʘਖ਼ุiRiveraၾMiller2008Ⴉމ
ਗٙࠠࠅ׌fSchneider2011ܔᙄӔഄ ɽኪЭϋॴٙ઺ԃሙ೻ᏐॶɝӨ࢔ႩٝၾΚ
٫ᏐҪၡܢ၍ଣॶɝΌଢาʷܿ኷ٙᏐᜊf ዚ၍ଣiPeterson2004ආɓӉܸ̈ၡ

ᎇഹӨ࢔၍ଣٙਖ਼ุܵᚃစආdӨ࢔၍ଣɛ ܢāӨ࢔၍ଣᏐ݊ኪɻ˖ኯٙࣨːሙ೻i
ࡰ͍஝৅ᇖٙცӋʔᓙϓڗdਞၾٙɛࡰत Phillips2003һຖڮ઺ԃ௅ژᏐး஺ϓ
ሯɰίᔷᜊfฏԸฏεٙ޼Ӻක֐ᗫءอ ͭၡܢ၍ଣኪژdO§Connor2005ɰ

˰˾ၡܢ၍ଣ٫ٙतЍDrabek, 1987i ܔᙄܔͭၡܢ၍ଣኪā၂ɻਖ਼ุሙ೻ٙʱ
Blanchard, 2001, 2003iHite, 2003i ॴfϤ̮d஢εሞࠑɰ੶ሜྼਕ຾᜕ʘࠠ
Phillips, 2004iCanton, 2006iVerbeek, ࠅ׌Thomas & Mileti, 2003iHoover &

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