Page 6 - 《消防月刊》-101年6月號

日本自衛隊

平時任務編組

與災害派遣運作機制探討

Discussion for Japan Self-Defense Forces Task Force at Ordinary Times &
Accident Dispatch Organism

圖 / 文 內政部消防署 吳俊瑩、吳禮安

圖1：日本的防災體系層級圖
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一、日本防救災體系概要

日本防災體系分為國家、都道府縣、市町村等3個層級（如圖1），且於設計

之初，已將居民自助與互助責任包含於系統中。中央防災會議負責制定及推動
「防災基本計畫」，由首相負責召開，中央防災會議下設專門調查會及幹事

會提供專業諮詢服務，其所制定之防災基本計畫由3個面向所組成，分別

為「災害種類」、「災害階段」與「防災主體」，其中企業與民眾更
在「防災主體」方面扮演了極為重要的角色。日本救災體系的特點在

於它不是單純的自上而下的機制，而是1個「個人」、「團體」、「民間組織」、「政府」等各

方面的力量之間整體聯動的體系。
Japan's disaster prevention system is divided into three levels: the nation, Tokyo/Hokkaido/

Osaka, Kyoto/other prefectures and cities/townships/villages (as shown on Map 1). In the beginning
of this system design, residents’ self-assistance and corporation had been incorporated in it. The

Central Disaster Prevention Conference, chaired by Premier, is responsible for deciding and pushing

“Accident Prevention Basic Plan”. Under this conference there are Investigation Committee and

Board of Directors, offering assistance. “Accident Prevention Basic Plan” consists of three facets:
kinds of disaster, phases of disaster and disaster prevention. Of which the businesses and the public

play an important role on disaster prevention. The characteristics of Japan’s disaster prevention

system is that instead of a purely top- down mechanism, it is a closely-connected mechanism among
ordinary people, groups, private organizations and the government.

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