Page 26 - 消防月刊10月號

工作研討
泥土發酵熱
自然發火機制
工作研討 How Heat Is Generated Through the Fermentation That Triggers Auto Ignition?
WORK DISCUSSION
▲ 圖 1 冬天鄉村堆肥冒煙現象即是發酵熱作用 1
發酵熱是來自微生物分解產生的熱量蓄積所致，冬天時鄉村有時會見到堆肥中冒煙的情況(如 圖一)，就是因為發酵熱的作用。發酵熱為自然發火熱源之一，起火通常需經過較長的時間，大 量木屑、乾草堆的蓄積都可能因發酵熱起火。自然起火案例於國內並不常見，也許與氣候及乾草 存放、使用環境有關，也因為不常見，容易忽略發生的可能環境與條件。發生地點通常位於乾草 堆積或堆肥倉庫，乾草極易燃燒，一旦引燃發展迅速，尤其是乾草梱倉庫火災，不但搶救不易， 亦造成農民嚴重財物損失，因此對於發酵熱自然發火之預防仍不可忽略。本文將探討發酵熱自然 發火機制及國內外火災案例分析，並研擬防範措施，期能瞭解及防範發酵熱自然發火火災。
When microorganisms are decomposing dead plants and animals, a process called fermentation, heat is generated. In winter in the countryside, for example, we sometimes see smoke in a compost pile (Figure 1), owing to the heat produced from fermentation. Such heat is one of the natural fire sources, though it usually takes a longer time to develop into a fire. Thanks to Taiwan’s climate and natural condition, natural fires rarely occur. Still, there are risk factors that shouldn’t be overlooked. Piles of wood chips and hay in a composting warehouse are the breeding grounds for fermentation, which make a fire easier to break out. The fire can develop rapidly because hay is prone to burning. Under such circumstance, not only will it be hard to deal with, but it’ll also cause serious property damage to farmers. How to prevent it, therefore, should be valued. This article is going to discuss the mechanism of fermentation, analyze fire cases at home and abroad, and propose preventive measures, hoping to help everyone better understand this issue and prevent related disasters.
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◆ 圖.文 / 新竹市消防局 賴麒文